Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Quhai, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang Province, China
4
School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57100 Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
5
School of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
6
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, New Jersey 07083, United States
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging discipline for biomedical application. Nanoparticles (NPs) research is one of the most studied and rapidly evolving field with its wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications, particularly in antimicrobial development. Following the improvement of the biomaterial’s functionality, the new area of ‘nanocomposites’ which often refers to the combination of NPs with other biomaterials such as hydrogel, polymers or other stabilizers, has swiftly followed. In the past decades, bacterial infections have caused negative impacts on human health, social and economic development in the globe. These problems are further aggravated by antibiotic resistance issues caused by drug-resistant microbes. With this, the development of antibacterial NPs has become an important field to alternate for the discovery of novel antibacterial agent. This review aims to discuss the key features of NPs, primarily derived from metal and metal oxide, for their antibacterial use in the clinic, the mechanisms of bacterial killing, and to cover some of the key challenges towards the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for clinical use.
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