Elucidation of Biological Activity of Silver ‎Based Nanoparticles Using Plant ‎Constituents of Syzygium cumini

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Nanobiotech lab, Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College,University of Delhi, P.O.Box ‎‎110007, Delhi, India.‎

2 Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, P.O.Box 110007, Delhi, India.‎

3 ‎1Nanobiotech lab, Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College,University of Delhi, P.O.Box ‎‎110007, Delhi, India.‎

Abstract

   We report the efficacy of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using the leaf and bark extracts of Syzygium cumini (common name Jamun) with silver nitrate (AgNO3)which were used as both reducing and capping agent at varied temperatures- 25°C, 37°C and 80°C. Three sets of AgNPs from leaf and bark extracts, were synthesized at the above mentioned temperatures, and then physical characterization using UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated a peak in the range of 385-460nm. The hydrodynamic radii measured by DLS clearly indicated the size of AgNPs in the range of 72-284nm.
The biological efficacy in terms of antimicrobial activity was assessed by Kirby Bauer method, applied for both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria such as  Staphylococcus aureus and Escherchia coli respectively. The Zone of inhibition (ZOI) diameter was found to be 22mm and 20mm in S.aureus and E.coli, indicated the bactericidal activity of AgNPs synthesized from leaf extract at 25°C was maximum. Further, the IC50 of the same AgNP was 12.5µg/ml indicating 49.3% cytotoxicity in human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 confirmed the anticancer activity, whereas in HEK cell line the cyototoxicity observed was only 8.95% at the same concentration. The upregulation of apoptotic marker “p53” post treatment with 12.5µg/ml for 24hrs as done by Western blotting. Hence, AgNPs synthesized by green synthesis are proposed as economical, environment friendly having immense potential for drug delivery.

Keywords


  1. 1.       Yu R., Wu J., Liu M., Zhu G., Chen L., Chang Y., Lu H., (2016).“Toxicity of binary mixtures of metal oxide nanoparticles to Nitrosomonas europaea”, Chemosphere, 153: 187-197.

    1. Vadlapudi V., Kaladhar D.S.V.G.K., (2014). “Review: Green Synthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles”, M.E.J.S.R, 19: 834-842.
    2. Ahmed B. A., Raman T., Anbazhagan V., (2016). “Platinum nanoparticles inhibit bacteria proliferation and rescue zebrafish from bacterial infection”, RSC Adv, 6: 44415-44424.
    3. Barua S., Banerjee P. P., Sadhu A., Sengupta A., Chatterjee S., Sarkar S.,  Karak N., (2017). “Silver Nanoparticles as Antibacterial and Anticancer Materials against Human Breast, Cervical and Oral Cancer Cells”, J.N.N, 17: 968-976.
    4. Liu Y. C., Lin L.H., (2004). “New pathway for the synthesis of ultrafine silver nanoparticle from bulk silver substrates in aqueous solutions by sono-electrochemical methods”, Electrochem. Commun, 6: 1163-1168.
    5. Tan Y., Wang Y., Jiang L., Zhu D., (2002). “Thiosalicylic acid-functionalized silver nanoparticles synthesized in one-phase system”, J. Colloid and Interface Sci, 249: 336-345.
    6. Smetana A. B., Klabunde K. J., Sorensen C. M., (2005). “Synthesis of spherical silver nanoparticles by digestive ripening, stabilization with various agents, and their 3-D and 2-D superlattice formation”, J. Colloid and Interface Sci., 284: 521-526.
    7.  Mallick K., Witcomb M., Scurrell M. S., (2005). “Green Nanotechnology for Biofuel Production”, Mater. Chem. Phys.,90: 221.
    8. Srikar S.K., Giri D.D., Pal D.B., Mishra P.K., Upadhyay S.N., (2016). “Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: A Review”, Green Sustain Chem., 6(01): 34.
    9. Remya V.R., Abitha V.K., Rajput P.S., Rane A.V., Dutta A., (2017). “Silver nanoparticles green synthesis: A mini review”, Chemistry International., 3(2): 165-171.
    10.  Iravani S., (2011). “Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants”, Green Chem.,13(10): 2638-2650.
    11. Swami S.B., Thakor N.S.J., Patil M.M., Haldankar P.M., (2012). “Jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.): A Review of Its Food and Medicinal Uses”, Food Nutr. Sci., 3(08): 1100.
    12. Dey A., Dasgupta A., Kumar V., Tyagi A., Verma A.K., (2015). “Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of   polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and tri-sodium citrate (TSC) silver Nanoparticles”, Int. Nano. Lett., 5(4): 223-230.
    13. Blancher, C., Jones, A. (2001) “SDS -PAGE and Western Blotting Technique in S. A. Brooks & U. Schumacher, ed. by Metastasis Research Protocols”, Vol I: Analysis of Cells and Tissues Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; p.145.
    14. Vivek R., Thangam R., Muthuchelian K., Gunasekaran P., Kaveri K., Kannan S., (2012). “Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Annona squamosa leaf extract and its in vitro cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells”, Process Biochem., 47(12): 2405-2410.
    15. Gurunathan S., Raman J., Malek S. N., John P. A., Vikineswary S., (2013). “Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ganoderma neo-japanicum Imazeki: a potential cytotoxic agent against breast cancer”, Int. J. Nanomedicine., 8: 4399.
    16. Singh A., Jain D., Daima H.K., Kachhwaha S., Kothari S. L., (2010). “Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using argemone mexicana leaf extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities” Dig J. Nanomater. Biostruct., 5(2): 483-489.
    17. Begum N. A., Mondal S., Basu S., Lasker R. A., Mandal D., (2009). “Biogenic synthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles using aqueous solutions of Black Tea leaf extracts”, J. Colloids and Surf. B Biointerfaces, 71(1): 113-118.
    18. Sathyavathi R., Krishna M. B., Rao S. V., Saritha R., Rao D. N., (2010). “Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Coriandrum Sativum Leaf Extract and Their Application in Nonlinear Optics”; Adv. Sci. Lett., 3: 138-143.
    19. Cumberland S. A., Lead J. R., (2009). “Particle size distributions of silver nanoparticles at environmentally relevant conditions”, J. Chromatogra., 1216(52): 9099-9105.
    20. Siddig M. A., Abdelgadir E. A., Elbadawi A. A., Mustafal M. E., Mussa A. A., (2015). “Structural characterization and physical properties of Syzygium cumini flowering plant”, Int.J. Innov. Res. Sci. Eng., 4: 2694.
    21. Prabhu S., Poulose E.  K., (2012). “Silver Nanoparticles: mechanism of antimicrobial action, synthesis, medical applications and toxicity effects”, Int. Nan. Lett., 2(1): 32.
    22. Mirzajani F., Ghassempour A., (2011). “Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus”, Res. Microbio., 162(5): 542-549.
    23. Reidy B., Haase A., Luch A., Dawson K. A., Lynch I., (2013). “Mechanisms of Silver Nanoparticle Release, Transformation and Toxicity: A Critical Review of Current Knowledge and Recommendations for Future Studies and Applications”, Materials, 6(6): 2295-2350.
    24. He Y., Du Z., Ma S., Cheng S., Jiang S., Liu Y., Zheng X., (2016). “Biosynthesis, Antibacterial Activity and Anticancer Effects Against Prostate Cancer (PC-3) Cells of Silver Nanoparticles Using Dimocarpus Longan Lour. Peel Extract” Nanoscale Res. Lett., 11(1): 300.
    25. Okafor F., Janen A., Kukhtareya T., Edwards V., Curley M., (2013). “Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles, their characterisation, application and antibacterial activity”, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health.; 10(10): 5221-5238.
    26. Gurunathan S., Park J. H., Han J. W., Kim J. H., (2015). “Dual functions of silver nanoparticles in F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells, a suitable model for evaluating cytotoxicity and differentiation-mediated cancer therapy”, Int. J. Nanomedicine.; 10: 4203.
    27. Zhu B., Li Y., Lin Z., Zhao M., Xu T., Wang C., Deng N., (2016). “Silver Nanoparticles Induce HePG-2 Cells Apoptosis Through ROS-Mediated Signaling Pathways”, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 11(1): 198.
    28. Jang S. J., Yang I. J., Tettey C. O., Kim K. M., Shin H. M., (2016). “Green Silver Nanoparticles: Novel Therapeutic Potential for Cancer and Microbial Infections”, Materials Science and Engineering, 68: 430.